Friday, 17 December 2010 - Sunday, 19 December 2010
@ Taman Budaya Yogyakarta, Jl. Sri wedari no 1
Festival Kethoprak antara Kota/Kab. se-DIY
begin @19.30 WIB
info : 0274-523512
Thursday, 16 December 2010 - Thursday, 16 December 2010
@ nDalem Yudhoningratan, Jl. Ibu Ruswo
Pagelaran Wayang Kulit (traditional puppet show) by Ki Seno Nugroho
begin @20.00 Wib
Sunday, 12 December 2010 - Sunday, 19 December 2010
@ KOmplek Tamansari Yogyakarta
AKU DAN TAMANSARI
12 December 2010 : Child Drawing Contest TK- SD (08.00 - 14.00)
19 December 2010 : Bazar, Kreasi Seni Daur Ulang, Jathilan, Wayang Kulit (jam 08.00 - selesai )
Info : 0274- 663806
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Monday, December 13, 2010
Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan Palace)
Kraton Yogyakarta
Kraton Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta Palace) or Sultan Palace (Sultan=King of Palace), built in 1790, located in the center of the city of Yogyakarta. Kraton's function as the residence of a royal family. Kraton Yogyakarta shows an elegant Javanese architecture mixed with old European style of some parts of the building.
This elegant complex of pavilions was constructed entirely on ancient beliefs and each feature of the complex, from the courtyards to the trees, has a special symbolic meaning related to sophisticated Javanese philosophy.
The architect designer of this palace was Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who was also the founder of the kingdom of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. His skill in architecture was appreciated by the dutch scientist - DR. Pigeund and DR. Adam.
The present Kraton's King, Sultan Hamengku Buwono X is also the governor of the province, and is still considered the cultural head of this region. In Indonesia's administrative, the region also called Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Special Region of Yogyakarta).
This elegant complex of pavilions was constructed entirely on ancient beliefs and each feature of the complex, from the courtyards to the trees, has a special symbolic meaning related to sophisticated Javanese philosophy.
The architect designer of this palace was Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who was also the founder of the kingdom of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. His skill in architecture was appreciated by the dutch scientist - DR. Pigeund and DR. Adam.
The present Kraton's King, Sultan Hamengku Buwono X is also the governor of the province, and is still considered the cultural head of this region. In Indonesia's administrative, the region also called Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Special Region of Yogyakarta).
Guide to Yogyakarta and environs
| Yogyakarta: Cultural Heart of Indonesia
| Cephas, Yogyakarta: Photography in the Service of the Sultan
| Yogyakarta: Cultural Heart of Indonesia | Cephas, Yogyakarta: Photography in the Service of the SultanSaturday, December 11, 2010
Vacancies Yogyakarta December 2010
(a) Management Trainee (MT)
Qualification :
- single
- min. D3/S1 any discipline
- max. 25 years old
- creative & like challenge
- self confidence, optimistic & leadership
- recent photograph (1 pas photo + 1 close up photo full body) + KTP
(b) Finance & Accounting Manager (FAM)
- max. 40 years old
- min. S1 Accounting
- 5 years experience as Finance Manager/Accounting/Trading
- finance report ability (GL, income statetement, balance sheet)
- experience in tax, budgetting, & planning
- good leadership & managerial
(c) HR Manager (HRM)
- max. 40 years old
- min. S1 any discipline (psychology is advantage)
- 5 years experience as HR Manager
- ability of handling more than 500 employees
- good leadership & managerial
Send your CV to:
hr_recruitment@planetsurfonline.com by 15 December 2010
Walk in interview (for Management Trainee only):
Saturday, 18 December 2010, 09.00 WIB
Gedung Graha Karir ECC UGM
Jl. Krasak (Barat) no. 20, Kotabaru, Yogyakarta
2. Lowongan di fotografer.net, perusahaan pengelola situs fotografi terbesar se-Asia Tenggara:
(a) Desain Grafis (DGR)
(b) Editor (EDT)
(c) Administrasi (ADM)
Syarat:
- mampu mengoperasikan komputer & familiar dgn internet
- mampu bekerja dalam team
- max 27 thn (a, b), max. 25 thn (c)
- pendidikan minimal D3 (1, 2), S1 (c)
- mampu mengoperasikan Photoshop, Corel Draw, Indesign (a)
- mampu membuat desain produk website, cetakan & sablon kain (a)
- kemampuan menggambar dgn tangan & komputer (a)
- bahasa inggris aktif, lisan & tulisan (b)
- menguasai Ms Office (b, c)
- menyukai fotografi adalah nilai tambah
Kirim lamaran lengkap, CV, portfolio, FC ijazah, FC KTP, dan 2 lembar foto berwarna 4x6 ke:
PT Fotografer Net Global
Jl. Petung no. 31 Prapringan, Yogyakarta 55281
atau email ke:
info@fotografer.net
3. Lowongan di Pitstop Computer:
(a) Accounting
Wanita, single, max. 24 thn, SMK Akt.
(b) Marketing
Pria/wanita, single, max. 24 thn, min. SMU/SMK
(c) Teknisi
Pria, single, max. 24 thn, min. SMU/SMK
Lamaran dibawa langsung ke:
Pitstop Computer
Jl. Cendrawasih, Ruko Permata
Demangan Niaga, telp. (0274) 544097
Lowongan lain di Yogyakarta Bulan Desember 2010
Download rute bus Trans Jogja
Jalur bus kota Yogyakarta
Jadwal kereta Pramek Solo-Jogja-Kutoarjo
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Lowongan Kerja Yogyakarta Desember 2010
Tersedia formasi untuk SMU, D3 dan S1, semoga bermanfaat...
1. Lowongan Ozeva Software vacancy:
Programmer (3 vacancies)
Requirements :
- Computer/IT graduate with GPA min. 3.00
- proficient in SQL and PL/SQL
- OO programming skill is an advantage
Submit your application by 15 December 2010 to:
Ozeva Software
The Sunan Hotel SOlo, Basement Arcade 3
Jl. Ahmad Yani 40, Solo 57143
2. Lowongan Pand's:
Human Resources & General Affair Supervisor
(HR & GA SPV)
Syarat:
- wanita, muslimah, mak. 35 thn
- min. S1 Psikologi/Hukum
- pengalaman min. 1 thn di bidang HR & GA
- menguasai alat tes psikologi, undang-undang tenaga kerja,
penggajian (payroll), training
Kirim lamaran ke:
Pand's Collection
Jl. C. Simanjuntak No. 22 Yogyakarta
Telp. 546251 / 546252
atau email ke: hrd_pandsjogja@yahoo.co.id
3. Lowongan Kantor Konsultan Pajak:
(a) Staff Tax Accounting (ACC)
- wanita, mak. 23 thn
- mampu mengoperasikan MS Office
- min. S1 Akuntansi
- penampilan menarik
(b) Staff Administrasi (ADM)
- pria/wanita, mak. 23 thn
- SMK/D3 Akuntansi
- penampilan menarik
Lamaran diantar langsung ke:
Cornel & Rekan
Jl. Cempaka 146 Perumnas Condong Catur
Depok, Sleman
Telp. 882221
4. Lowongan Ganesha Operation:
Staff Pengajar (semua bidang studi)
- sarjana PTN, single
- berpengalaman mengajar level SD - SMP - SMU
- bersedia mengikuti presentasi (tes)
Lamaran ditulis tangan, diantar langsung ke:
Ganesha Operation
Jl. Abu Bakar Ali no. 3 Kotabaru, Yogyakarta
Kode lamaran di sudut kanan atas amplop/map
Paling lambat tgl 11 dDesember 2010
5. Lowongan Perusahaan Digital Printing:
(a) Staff Accounting
(b) Operator Grafis
(c) Satpam
Syarat:
- wanita, mak. 26 thn, min. D3 Akuntansi (a)
- min. D1 Grafis, mak. 24 thn (b)
- mahir Corel & Photoshop (b)
- pengalaman satpam min. 2 thn, sertifikat, max. 33 thn (c)
Lamaran dikirm ke:
GKM Print
Jl. Raya Janti 340A Yogyakarta
6. Lowongan 76 Komputer:
(a) Teknisi Komputer
(b) Delivery
Syarat:
- pria, single, max. 23 thn (a,b)
- min. SMU+ (a), SMU (b)
- menguasai komputer: hardware & software (a)
- diutamakan berpengalaman (a)
- menguasai wilayah Jogja + SIM C (b)
- domisili jogja (a,b)
Gaji pokok Rp. 1.000.000,-
Lamaran dibawa langsung ke:
76 Komputer
Jl. PPPG Matematika no. 10B Jogja
Telp. 7162224, jam 10.00 - 13.00 WIB
7. Lowongan RSU Permata Husada:
Tenaga Perawat
Syarat:
- min. D3 Keperawatan
- diutamakan laki-laki
Kirim lamaran ke:
RSU Permata Husada
Jl. Pleret-KotaGede Km.4 Kauman, Pleret, Bantul
Telp. 4412121, paling lambat 9 Desember 2010
8. Lowongan Exposif:
Desain Interior
Syarat:
- pria, mak. 28 thn, single, berpenampilan menarik
- kreatif, inovatif, komunikatif & sanggup bekerja keras
- D3/S1 Desain Interior/Arsitektur
- mahir sketsa, 3D Max, Autocad
Kirim lamaran + contoh karya ke:
Exposif
Ring Road Utara, Jl. Kaliurang Km. 5,8
Pandega Wreksa 27
Telp. 888566
Lowongan lain di Yogyakarta Bulan Desember 2010
Friday, December 3, 2010
Jadwal Kereta Pramek Solo - Jogja - Kutoarjo - Jogja - Solo
Hadirnya kereta api Pramek (Prambanan Ekspres) sangat menolong publik Jogja dan kota sekitarnya, terutama Solo dan Kutoarjo. Kelancaran dan kenyamanan kereta Pramek nampaknya bisa menjadi alternatif yang tidak bisa ditolak oleh pemakai jasa transportasi, selain menggunakan bus antar kota.
Jadwal Kereta Pramek Solo - Jogja - Kutoarjo
Jadwal Kereta Pramek Kutoarjo - Jogja - Solo
Jadwal Kereta Api Berangkat dari Jogja
Jadwal Kereta Api Berangkat Dari Jogja
* Semua kereta berangkat dari Stasiun Tugu, kecuali kereta Ekonomi berangkat dari Stasiun Lempunyangan
sumber dijogjakarta.com
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| Jurusan : Bandung | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Surabaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Purwokerto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Malang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Kediri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Jember | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jurusan : Banyuwangi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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* Semua kereta berangkat dari Stasiun Tugu, kecuali kereta Ekonomi berangkat dari Stasiun Lempunyangan
sumber dijogjakarta.com
Rute/Jalur Bus Kota Jogja
Berikut ini adalah informasi tentang jalur bis kota Yogyakarta....
Bis Jalur 02 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Menteri Supeno — Jl. Kol. Sugiono — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Ring road selatan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. Suryotomo — Abu Bakar Ali — Jl. Suroto — Jl. Cik Di Tiro — Lingkar UGM — Kembali dengan rute yang sama
Bis Jalur 03 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Kol. Sugiono — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Gayam — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Ring road utara — Jl. Kaliurang — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 04 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Ngangkruk — Gd. Kuning — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Suryotomo — Jl. Suroto — Lingkar UGM — JL. C. Simanjuntak — Jl. Jend. Sudirman — Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. P. Senopati — Jl. Kusumanegara — Gedong Kuning — Ring road selatan — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 05 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Pojok Beteng Wetan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Mangkuyudan — Jl. Panjaitan — MT Haryono — Jl. Wahid Hasyim — Jl. Bhayangkara — Tent. Pelajar — Jl. Magelang — Terminal Jombor — Ring road utara – Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 06 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Gambiran — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Kusumanegara — Hayam Wuruk — Yos Sudarso — Wahidin — Yohanes — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 07 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan — Jl. Gambiran — Jl. Veteran — Janti Gedong Kuning — Janti — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Ring road utara — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 09 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Ngeksigondo — Gedong Kuning — Jl. Kusumanegara — Tamansiswa — Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. P. Senopati — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. Wahid Hasyim — Patangpuluhan — IKIP PGRI — Jl. Wates — Ring road selatan — Jl. Bugisan — Jl. S. Parman — Jl. KHA Dahlan Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Gedong Kuning — Ngeksigondo — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 10 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Rejowinangun — Kebun Raya — SGM — Aipda Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Kenari — Bausasran — Mataram — Abu Bakar Ali — Atmo Sukarto — Kusbini — Langensari — Munggur — Jl. Adisucipto — Kledokan — Babarsari — RR Timur — Terminal Condong Catur — RR Timur — Babarsari — Kledokan — Jl. Adisucipto — Urip Sumoharjo — Jl. Suroto — Mataram — Hayam Wuruk — Bausasran — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Gambiran — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 11 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Rejowinangun — Gedong Kuning — Kemasan– Pembayun — Tegalgendu — Tegalturi — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Parangtritis — Ring road selatan — Pojok beteng Kulon — Jl. S. Parman — Patangpuluhan — Jl. R.E. Martadinata — Suprapto– Jlagran Lor — Jl. Pasar Kembang — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. R.E. Martadinata — Patangpuluhan — Jl. Bugisan — Ring road selatan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Menukan — Tegalturi — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 12 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Pandean — Jl. Glagah Sari — Jl. Kusumanegara — Sultan Agung — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Cokroaminoto — Tent. Pelajar — Borobudur Plaza — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Lingkar UGM — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Borobudur Plaza — Tent. Pelajar — Cokroaminoto — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Sultan Agung — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Glagah Sari — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 14 :
Terminal Jombor — Monumen Jogja Kembali — Jetis — Tugu — Jl. Kaliurang — Ring road utara — Terminal Condong Catur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Urip Sumoharjo — Wahidin — Langensari — Gondosuli — Jl. Cendana — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Veteran — P. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Imogiri — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Pandean — Jl. Glagah Sari — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Cendana — Gondosuli — Munggur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur — Ring road utara — Jl. Kaliurang — Jetis — Monumen Jogja Kembali — Terminal Jombor
Bis Jalur 15 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Mangkuyudan — Gading — Pojok beteng Timur — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Ibu Ruswo — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. Wates — Ps. Gamping — Sidoarum — Jl. Godean — Pingit — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Jetis — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 16 :
Terminal Giwangan — Tegalturi — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. Suryotomo — Shopping — Jl. P. Senopati — Sultan Agung — Jl. Suryopranoto — Sukonandi — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Cendana — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur
Bis Jalur 17 :
Terminal Condong Catur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Colombo — Yohanes — Jl. Jend. Sudirman — Tugu — Jetis — Borobudur Plaza — Pingit — Samsat — Suprapto — Wirobrajan — Tendean — Jl. S. Parman — Pojok beteng Kulon — Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Veteran — P. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan – Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Tamansiswa — Pojok beteng Wetan — Pojok beteng Kulon — Jl. S. Parman — Wirobrajan — Jl. Bhayangkara — Pingit — Borobudur Plaza — Jetis — Tugu — JL. C. Simanjuntak — Terban — Colombo — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur
Bis Jalur 18 :
Terminal Jombor — Ring road barat — Jl. Godean — Kyai Mojo — Tugu — P. Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Wirobrajan — Jl. HOS Cokroaminoto — Jl. Godean — Ring road barat — Terminal Jombor
Bis Jalur 19 :
Terminal Jombor — Ring road barat — Jl. Godean — Kyai Mojo — Tugu — P. Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Wirobrajan — Jl. HOS Cokroaminoto — Jl. Godean — Ring road barat — Terminal Jombor
Bis Jalur 02 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Menteri Supeno — Jl. Kol. Sugiono — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Ring road selatan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. Suryotomo — Abu Bakar Ali — Jl. Suroto — Jl. Cik Di Tiro — Lingkar UGM — Kembali dengan rute yang sama
Bis Jalur 03 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Kol. Sugiono — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Gayam — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Ring road utara — Jl. Kaliurang — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 04 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Ngangkruk — Gd. Kuning — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Suryotomo — Jl. Suroto — Lingkar UGM — JL. C. Simanjuntak — Jl. Jend. Sudirman — Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. P. Senopati — Jl. Kusumanegara — Gedong Kuning — Ring road selatan — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 05 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Pojok Beteng Wetan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Mangkuyudan — Jl. Panjaitan — MT Haryono — Jl. Wahid Hasyim — Jl. Bhayangkara — Tent. Pelajar — Jl. Magelang — Terminal Jombor — Ring road utara – Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 06 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Gambiran — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Kusumanegara — Hayam Wuruk — Yos Sudarso — Wahidin — Yohanes — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 07 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan — Jl. Gambiran — Jl. Veteran — Janti Gedong Kuning — Janti — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Ring road utara — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 09 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Ngeksigondo — Gedong Kuning — Jl. Kusumanegara — Tamansiswa — Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. P. Senopati — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. Wahid Hasyim — Patangpuluhan — IKIP PGRI — Jl. Wates — Ring road selatan — Jl. Bugisan — Jl. S. Parman — Jl. KHA Dahlan Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Gedong Kuning — Ngeksigondo — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 10 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Rejowinangun — Kebun Raya — SGM — Aipda Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Kenari — Bausasran — Mataram — Abu Bakar Ali — Atmo Sukarto — Kusbini — Langensari — Munggur — Jl. Adisucipto — Kledokan — Babarsari — RR Timur — Terminal Condong Catur — RR Timur — Babarsari — Kledokan — Jl. Adisucipto — Urip Sumoharjo — Jl. Suroto — Mataram — Hayam Wuruk — Bausasran — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Gambiran — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 11 :
Terminal Giwangan — Ring road selatan — Rejowinangun — Gedong Kuning — Kemasan– Pembayun — Tegalgendu — Tegalturi — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Parangtritis — Ring road selatan — Pojok beteng Kulon — Jl. S. Parman — Patangpuluhan — Jl. R.E. Martadinata — Suprapto– Jlagran Lor — Jl. Pasar Kembang — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. R.E. Martadinata — Patangpuluhan — Jl. Bugisan — Ring road selatan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Menukan — Tegalturi — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 12 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Pandean — Jl. Glagah Sari — Jl. Kusumanegara — Sultan Agung — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Cokroaminoto — Tent. Pelajar — Borobudur Plaza — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Lingkar UGM — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Borobudur Plaza — Tent. Pelajar — Cokroaminoto — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Sultan Agung — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Glagah Sari — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan
Bis Jalur 14 :
Terminal Jombor — Monumen Jogja Kembali — Jetis — Tugu — Jl. Kaliurang — Ring road utara — Terminal Condong Catur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Urip Sumoharjo — Wahidin — Langensari — Gondosuli — Jl. Cendana — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Veteran — P. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan — Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Imogiri — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Pandean — Jl. Glagah Sari — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Cendana — Gondosuli — Munggur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur — Ring road utara — Jl. Kaliurang — Jetis — Monumen Jogja Kembali — Terminal Jombor
Bis Jalur 15 :
Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Mangkuyudan — Gading — Pojok beteng Timur — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Ibu Ruswo — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Jl. Wates — Ps. Gamping — Sidoarum — Jl. Godean — Pingit — Jl. Wolter Monginsidi — Jetis — Lingkar UGM
Bis Jalur 16 :
Terminal Giwangan — Tegalturi — Jl. Sisingamangaraja — Jl. Menukan — Jl. Parangtritis — Jl. Brigjen Katamso — Jl. Suryotomo — Shopping — Jl. P. Senopati — Sultan Agung — Jl. Suryopranoto — Sukonandi — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Cendana — Jl. Kenari — Jl. Ipda Tut Harsono — Jl. Adisucipto — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur
Bis Jalur 17 :
Terminal Condong Catur — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Colombo — Yohanes — Jl. Jend. Sudirman — Tugu — Jetis — Borobudur Plaza — Pingit — Samsat — Suprapto — Wirobrajan — Tendean — Jl. S. Parman — Pojok beteng Kulon — Pojok beteng Wetan — Jl. Tamansiswa — Jl. Suryopranoto — Mangunsarkoro — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Veteran — P. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan – Jl. Pramuka — Terminal Giwangan — Jl. Pramuka — Jl. Veteran — Jl. Kusumanegara — Jl. Tamansiswa — Pojok beteng Wetan — Pojok beteng Kulon — Jl. S. Parman — Wirobrajan — Jl. Bhayangkara — Pingit — Borobudur Plaza — Jetis — Tugu — JL. C. Simanjuntak — Terban — Colombo — Jl. Gejayan/Jl. Affandi — Terminal Condong Catur
Bis Jalur 18 :
Terminal Jombor — Ring road barat — Jl. Godean — Kyai Mojo — Tugu — P. Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Wirobrajan — Jl. HOS Cokroaminoto — Jl. Godean — Ring road barat — Terminal Jombor
Bis Jalur 19 :
Terminal Jombor — Ring road barat — Jl. Godean — Kyai Mojo — Tugu — P. Jl. P. Mangkubumi — Jl. Malioboro — Jl. KHA Dahlan — Wirobrajan — Jl. HOS Cokroaminoto — Jl. Godean — Ring road barat — Terminal Jombor
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Peta Rute Bus Trans Jogja
Berikut adalah peta dan daftar rute bus Trans Jogja (Trans Jogja shuttle bus), semoga bermanfaat...
Trayek 2A (Terminal Jombor – Malioboro – Basen – Kridosono – UGM – Terminal Condong Catur)
Trayek 1A (Terminal Prambanan – Bandara Adisucipto – Stasiun Tugu – Malioboro – JEC)
Terminal Prambanan – S5. Kalasan – Bandara Adisucipto – S3. Maguwoharjo – Janti (bawah) – S3. UIN Kalijaga – S4. Demangan – S4. Gramedia – S4. Tugu – Stasiun Tugu – Malioboro – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S4. Gondomanan – S4. Pasar Sentul – S4. SGM – Gembira Loka – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – JEC – S4. Blok O – Janti (atas) – S3. Maguwoharjo – Bandara Adisucipto – S5. Kalasan – Terminal Prambanan.
Trayek 1B (Terminal Prambanan – Bandara Adisucipto – JEC – Kantor Pos Besar – Pingit – UGM)
Trayek 1B (Terminal Prambanan – Bandara Adisucipto – JEC – Kantor Pos Besar – Pingit – UGM)
Terminal Prambanan – S5. Kalasan – Bandara Adisucipto – S3. Maguwoharjo – Janti (lewat bawah) – S4. Blok O – JEC – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – Gembira Loka – S4. SGM – S4. Pasar Sentul – S4. Gondomanan – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S3. RS.PKU Muhammadiyah – S3. Pasar Kembang – S4. Badran – Bundaran SAMSAT – S4. Pingit – S4. Tugu – S4. Gramedia – Bundaran UGM – S3. Colombo – S4. Demangan – S3. UIN Sunan Kalijaga – Janti – S3. Maguwoharjo – Bandra Adisucipto – S5. Kalasan – Terminal Prambanan.
Trayek 2A (Terminal Jombor – Malioboro – Basen – Kridosono – UGM – Terminal Condong Catur)
Terminal Jombor – S4. Monjali – S4. Tugu – Stasiun Tugu – Malioboro – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S4. Gondomanan – S4. Jokteng Wetan – S4. Tungkak – S4. Gambiran – S3 . Basen – S4. Rejowinangun – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – Gembira Loka – S4. SGM – S3. Cendana – S4. Mandala Krida – S4. Gayam – Flyover Lempuyangan – Kridosono – S4. Duta Wacana – S4. Galeria – S4. Gramedia – Bunderan UGM – S3. Colombo – Terminal Condongcatur – S4. Kentungan – S4. Monjali – Terminal Jombor.
Trayek 2B (Terminal Jombor – Termina Condongcatur – UGM – Kridosono – Basen – Kantor Pos Besar – Wirobrajan – Pingit)
Trayek 2B (Terminal Jombor – Termina Condongcatur – UGM – Kridosono – Basen – Kantor Pos Besar – Wirobrajan – Pingit)
Terminal Jombor – S4. Monjali – S4. Kentungan – Terminal Condong Catur – S3. Colombo – Bundaran UGM – S4. Gramedia – Kridosono – S4. Duta Wacana – Fly-over Lempuyangan – S4. Gayam – S4. Mandala Krida – S3. Cendana – S4. SGM – Gembiraloka– S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – S4. Rejowinangun – S3. Basen – S4.Tungkak – S4. Joktengwetan – S4. Gondomanan – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S3. RS PKU Muhammadiyah – S4. Ngabean – S4. Wirobrajan – S3. BPK – S4. Badran – Bundaran SAMSAT – S4. Pingit – S4. Tugu – S4. Monjali – Terminal Jombor.
Trayek 3A (Terminal Giwangan – Kotagede – Bandara Adisucipto – Ringroad Utara – MM UGM – Pingit – Malioboro – Jokteng Kulon)
Terminal Giwangan – S4. Tegalgendu – S3. HS-Silver – Jl. Nyi Pembayun – S3. Pegadaian Kotagede – S3. Basen – S4. Rejowinangun – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – JEC – S4. Blok O – Janti (lewat atas) – S3. Janti – S3. Maguwoharjo – Bandara ADISUCIPTO – S3. Maguwoharjo – Ringroad Utara – Terminal Condongcatur – S4. Kentungan – S4. MM UGM – S4. MirotaKampus – S3. Gondolayu – S4. Tugu – S4. Pingit – Bundaran SAMSAT – S4. Badran – S3. PasarKembang – Stasiun TUGU – Malioboro – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S3. RS PKU Muhammadiyah – S4. Ngabean – S4. Jokteng Kulon – S4. Plengkung Gading – S4. Jokteng Wetan – S4. Tungkak – S4.Wirosaban – S4. Tegalgendu – Terminal Giwangan.
Trayek 3B (Terminal Giwangan – Jokteng Kulon – Pingit – MM UGM – Ring Road Utara – Bandara Adisuciptp – Kotagede)
Trayek 3A (Terminal Giwangan – Kotagede – Bandara Adisucipto – Ringroad Utara – MM UGM – Pingit – Malioboro – Jokteng Kulon)
Terminal Giwangan – S4. Tegalgendu – S3. HS-Silver – Jl. Nyi Pembayun – S3. Pegadaian Kotagede – S3. Basen – S4. Rejowinangun – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – JEC – S4. Blok O – Janti (lewat atas) – S3. Janti – S3. Maguwoharjo – Bandara ADISUCIPTO – S3. Maguwoharjo – Ringroad Utara – Terminal Condongcatur – S4. Kentungan – S4. MM UGM – S4. MirotaKampus – S3. Gondolayu – S4. Tugu – S4. Pingit – Bundaran SAMSAT – S4. Badran – S3. PasarKembang – Stasiun TUGU – Malioboro – S4. Kantor Pos Besar – S3. RS PKU Muhammadiyah – S4. Ngabean – S4. Jokteng Kulon – S4. Plengkung Gading – S4. Jokteng Wetan – S4. Tungkak – S4.Wirosaban – S4. Tegalgendu – Terminal Giwangan.
Trayek 3B (Terminal Giwangan – Jokteng Kulon – Pingit – MM UGM – Ring Road Utara – Bandara Adisuciptp – Kotagede)
Terminal Giwangan – S4. Tegalgendu – S4. Wirosaban – S4. Tungkak – S4.Jokteng Wetan – S4. Plengkung Gading – S4. JoktengKulon – S4. Ngabean – S3. RS PKU Muhammadiyah – S3. Pasar Kembang – S4. Badran – Bundaran SAMSAT – S4. Pingit – S4. Tugu – S3. Gondolayu – S4. Mirota Kampus – S4. MM UGM – S4. Kentungan – Terminal Condong Catur – Ringroad Utara – S3. Maguwoharjo – Bandara Adisucipto – S3. Maguwoharjo – JANTI (lewat bawah) – S4. Blok O – JEC – S4. Babadan Gedongkuning – S4. Rejowinangun – S3. Basen – S3. Pegadaian Kotagede – Jl.Nyi Pembayun – S3. HS-Silver – S4. Tegalgendu – Terminal Giwangan.
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Sunday, November 21, 2010
Mbah Marijan, Spiritual Guardian of Mount Merapi
Mas Penewu Surakso Hargo, better known as Mbah Maridjan ("Grandfather Maridjan" 5 February 1927 – 26 October 2010) was the spiritual guardian or "gatekeeper" of Mount Merapi, one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and has produced more pyroclastic flows than any other volcano in the world. His birthplace was in the mountainside Dukuh (hamlet of) Kinahrejo, Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District, of the Sleman Regency, on the island of Java in Indonesia.
Maridjan was the son of the previous guardian, Mbah Hargo. He was appointed to the palace staff of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, in 1970 and was given the title of Raden Ngabehi Surokso Hargo. He replaced his father as guardian in 1982.
The spiritual guardian of the mountain is believed by local people to have the power to speak to the spirits of Mount Merapi, which the Javanese consider to be a sacred mountain. Maridjan led ceremonies to appease the spirits of the volcano by presenting them with offerings of rice and flowers in and around the crater. One of his most important duties was the performance of the annual Labuhan sacrificial ceremony dedicated to the spirits of Mount Merapi. A procession from the royal palace on Yogjakarta led by the guardian sacrifices to the volcano spirits a set of ritual offerings including textiles, perfume, incense, money and, every eight years, a horse saddle. He described his job, as being "to stop lava from flowing down. Let the volcano breathe, but not cough."
Maridjan was known for his dedication and loyalty to the king and became an Indonesian icon. He lived only about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the peak in his home village of Kinahrejo. Many villagers believed that he would be warned in a vision if an eruption was imminent. In May 2006, he refused to leave his village despite a mandatory evacuation order after scientists warned of an imminent eruption. He went with fifty other men to the village mosque when the volcano began to erupt. He became a popular hero because of his refusal to leave his village and his insistence that it was his duty to discharge his responsibility for the welfare of the people. He said that "the people of Kinahrejo feel that it was their destiny to be born to be a fortress to protect the welfare of the kraton (royal palace) and the people of Mataram (Yogyakarta)." During an interview in 2006, he said, "Everybody has their duty. Reporter, soldier, police, they have their duty. I also have a duty to stand here".
2010 Merapi eruption
Maridjan again refused to evacuate prior to the 26 October eruption in 2010, telling a friend that he could not leave because he had a responsibility, and that because "my time to die in this place has almost come, I can't leave." He was killed at the age of 83 by a pyroclastic flow that destroyed his home in the village of Kinahrejo during the 26 October 2010 eruption. Mbah Maridjan found in the position of prostration in the kitchen of his house. Thirteen other people were killed along with him when his house was hit by a pyroclastic flow. Only the mosque in his village was left standing. Maridjan's body was found in a praying position; he was thought to have been killed instantly by the 1,000-degree Celsius cloud of gas and ash.
The Yogyakarta Palace subsequently confirmed his death. Gusti Prabukusumo, the brother of Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, said that they had "known long before it happened that Mbah Maridjan would be taken by Merapi. Now that he's gone, we have to choose a new gatekeeper soon".
Family
Mbah Marijan's wife named PonirahMbah Marijan's have several children :
Maridjan was the son of the previous guardian, Mbah Hargo. He was appointed to the palace staff of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, in 1970 and was given the title of Raden Ngabehi Surokso Hargo. He replaced his father as guardian in 1982.
The spiritual guardian of the mountain is believed by local people to have the power to speak to the spirits of Mount Merapi, which the Javanese consider to be a sacred mountain. Maridjan led ceremonies to appease the spirits of the volcano by presenting them with offerings of rice and flowers in and around the crater. One of his most important duties was the performance of the annual Labuhan sacrificial ceremony dedicated to the spirits of Mount Merapi. A procession from the royal palace on Yogjakarta led by the guardian sacrifices to the volcano spirits a set of ritual offerings including textiles, perfume, incense, money and, every eight years, a horse saddle. He described his job, as being "to stop lava from flowing down. Let the volcano breathe, but not cough."
Maridjan was known for his dedication and loyalty to the king and became an Indonesian icon. He lived only about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the peak in his home village of Kinahrejo. Many villagers believed that he would be warned in a vision if an eruption was imminent. In May 2006, he refused to leave his village despite a mandatory evacuation order after scientists warned of an imminent eruption. He went with fifty other men to the village mosque when the volcano began to erupt. He became a popular hero because of his refusal to leave his village and his insistence that it was his duty to discharge his responsibility for the welfare of the people. He said that "the people of Kinahrejo feel that it was their destiny to be born to be a fortress to protect the welfare of the kraton (royal palace) and the people of Mataram (Yogyakarta)." During an interview in 2006, he said, "Everybody has their duty. Reporter, soldier, police, they have their duty. I also have a duty to stand here".
2010 Merapi eruption
Maridjan again refused to evacuate prior to the 26 October eruption in 2010, telling a friend that he could not leave because he had a responsibility, and that because "my time to die in this place has almost come, I can't leave." He was killed at the age of 83 by a pyroclastic flow that destroyed his home in the village of Kinahrejo during the 26 October 2010 eruption. Mbah Maridjan found in the position of prostration in the kitchen of his house. Thirteen other people were killed along with him when his house was hit by a pyroclastic flow. Only the mosque in his village was left standing. Maridjan's body was found in a praying position; he was thought to have been killed instantly by the 1,000-degree Celsius cloud of gas and ash.
The Yogyakarta Palace subsequently confirmed his death. Gusti Prabukusumo, the brother of Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, said that they had "known long before it happened that Mbah Maridjan would be taken by Merapi. Now that he's gone, we have to choose a new gatekeeper soon".
Family
Mbah Marijan's wife named PonirahMbah Marijan's have several children :
- Mbah Ajungan
- Raden Ayu Surjuna
- Raden Ayu Murjana
- Raden Mas Kumambang
Sources : duniakita.info | en.wikipedia.org |
Merapi Volcano, 2010 Eruption
http://aroundjogja.blogspot.com/2010/11/merapi-volcano-2010-eruption.htmlMerapi volcano is one of the world's most active and dangerous volcanoes. It contains an active lava dome which regularly produces pyroclastic flows. Eruptions occur at intervals of 1-5 years and are of low gas pressure. Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia and has produced more pyroclastic flows than any other volcano in the world. It has been active for 10,000 years.
Most eruptions of Merapi involve a collapse of the lava dome creating pyroclastic flows which travel 6 to 7 km from the summit. Some 'awan panas' have traveled as far as 13 km from the summit, such as the deposit generated during the 1969 eruption. Velocity of pyroclastic flows can reach up to 110 km/hour. A slow up flow of andesitic magma leads to an extrusion of viscous magma, which accumulate and construct a dome in the crater.
Violent Eruptions at Merapi volcano
There is evidence that the current low level of activity may be interrupted by larger explosive eruptions. Eruptions of Merapi volcano during the 7–19th centuries A.D. were more violent than the past hundred years, and produced explosion pyroclastic flows. Widespread pyroclastic flows and surges traveled up to 25 km down the flanks of Merapi.
2010 Eruption
Merapi volcano began erupting on 26th October 2010. The eruption was the was the largest at the volcano in 100 years. Ash emissions reached an altitude of 40,000 ft, and 370,000 people were evacuated from a 20 km radius danger zone. Over 190 people were killed by pyroclastic flows and ashfall.
Eruptive background
In late October 2010 the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency (CVGHM), (Indonesian language—Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi - PVMBG), reported that a pattern of increasing seismicity from Merapi had begun to emerge in early September.
Observers at Babadan 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west and Kaliurang 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the mountain reported hearing an avalanche on 12 September 2010.
On 13 September 2010 white plumes were observed rising 800 metres (2,600 ft) above the crater. Lava dome inflation, detected since March, increased from background levels of 0.1 millimetres (0.0039 in) to 0.3 millimetres (0.012 in) per day to a rate of 11 millimetres (0.43 in) per day on 16 September.
On 19 September 2010 earthquakes continued to be numerous, and the next day CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1–4). Lava from Mount Merapi in Central Javaeruption began flowing down the Gendol River on 23–24 October signalling the likelihood of an imminent.
On 25 October 2010 the Indonesian government raised the alert for Mount Merapi to its highest level (4) and warned villagers in threatened areas to move to safer ground. People living within a 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) zone were told to evacuate. The evacuation orders affected at least 19,000 people; however, the number that complied at the time remained unclear to authorities. Officials said about 500 volcanic earthquakes had been recorded on the mountain over the weekend of 23–24 October, and that the magma had risen to about 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) below the surface due to the seismic activity
After a period of multiple eruptions considered to exceed the intensity and duration of those in 1872 on 10 November 2010 the intensity and frequency of eruptions was noticed to subside. By this time 153 people had been reported to have been killed and 320,000 were displaced. Later the eruptive activities again increased requiring a continuation of the Level 4 alert and continued provision of exclusion zones around the volcano. By 18 November the death toll had increased to 275.
Most eruptions of Merapi involve a collapse of the lava dome creating pyroclastic flows which travel 6 to 7 km from the summit. Some 'awan panas' have traveled as far as 13 km from the summit, such as the deposit generated during the 1969 eruption. Velocity of pyroclastic flows can reach up to 110 km/hour. A slow up flow of andesitic magma leads to an extrusion of viscous magma, which accumulate and construct a dome in the crater.
Violent Eruptions at Merapi volcano
There is evidence that the current low level of activity may be interrupted by larger explosive eruptions. Eruptions of Merapi volcano during the 7–19th centuries A.D. were more violent than the past hundred years, and produced explosion pyroclastic flows. Widespread pyroclastic flows and surges traveled up to 25 km down the flanks of Merapi.
2010 Eruption
Merapi volcano began erupting on 26th October 2010. The eruption was the was the largest at the volcano in 100 years. Ash emissions reached an altitude of 40,000 ft, and 370,000 people were evacuated from a 20 km radius danger zone. Over 190 people were killed by pyroclastic flows and ashfall.
Eruptive background
In late October 2010 the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency (CVGHM), (Indonesian language—Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi - PVMBG), reported that a pattern of increasing seismicity from Merapi had begun to emerge in early September.
Observers at Babadan 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west and Kaliurang 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the mountain reported hearing an avalanche on 12 September 2010.
On 13 September 2010 white plumes were observed rising 800 metres (2,600 ft) above the crater. Lava dome inflation, detected since March, increased from background levels of 0.1 millimetres (0.0039 in) to 0.3 millimetres (0.012 in) per day to a rate of 11 millimetres (0.43 in) per day on 16 September.
On 19 September 2010 earthquakes continued to be numerous, and the next day CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1–4). Lava from Mount Merapi in Central Javaeruption began flowing down the Gendol River on 23–24 October signalling the likelihood of an imminent.
On 25 October 2010 the Indonesian government raised the alert for Mount Merapi to its highest level (4) and warned villagers in threatened areas to move to safer ground. People living within a 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) zone were told to evacuate. The evacuation orders affected at least 19,000 people; however, the number that complied at the time remained unclear to authorities. Officials said about 500 volcanic earthquakes had been recorded on the mountain over the weekend of 23–24 October, and that the magma had risen to about 1 kilometre (3,300 ft) below the surface due to the seismic activity
After a period of multiple eruptions considered to exceed the intensity and duration of those in 1872 on 10 November 2010 the intensity and frequency of eruptions was noticed to subside. By this time 153 people had been reported to have been killed and 320,000 were displaced. Later the eruptive activities again increased requiring a continuation of the Level 4 alert and continued provision of exclusion zones around the volcano. By 18 November the death toll had increased to 275.
Eruptive events
On Monday afternoon 25 October 2010 Merapi erupted three times, spewing lava down its southern and southeastern slopes. Three major eruptions were recorded at 14:04, 14:24 and 15:15. On 25 October 222 volcanic seismic events and 454 avalanche seismic events were recorded by Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation monitoring staff at Merapi.
The eruptions on 26 October started at 17:02. By 18:54 pyroclastic activity had begun to subside following 12 eruption associated events being recorded by CVGHM monitors. In the 24 hours of 26 October 232 volcanic seismic events, 269 avalanche seismic events, 4 lava flow seismic events and 6 heat clouds were recorded by Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation monitoring staff at Merapi. The eruptive events of 26 October were classified as an explosive event with volcanic bursts of ejected material, visible flame and pyroclastic hot air flows. A column of smoke rose from the top to a vertical distance of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from the summit of the Mount Merapi.
On Friday 29 October eruptive activity included lava ejection with hot ash clouds reported to be flowing 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) down the slopes of the mountain and lasting four to nine minutes. Ash falls reached as far as the Central Java town of Magelang. Scientists monitoring the volcano including Surono, chief of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG) were optimistic that the volcanic activity should decrease following the release of lava. Safari Dwiyono, a scientist monitoring Mt. Merapi for 15 years, said the volcanic activity appeared to be easing pressure behind a lava dome that had formed in the crater.
By early on the morning of Saturday 30 October the volcano was erupting again. The eruptions were louder and stronger than the eruptions of the 26 October. Those earlier eruptions on the previous Tuesday killed 34 people. Ash from the eruptions on 30 October fell more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) away and now included ash falls upon the city of Yogyakarta. Soldiers and police posted nearest the volcano were seen fleeing along with hundreds of residents quickly clogging roads with cars and motorcycles. Black soot fell across a vast area. The morning eruptions lasted for 22 minutes and heat clouds flowed into the Krasak and Boyong Rivers also rising 3.5 kilometres (11,000 ft) into the air, westward toward Magelang. Yogyakarta’s Adisucipto Airport was temporarily closed from 05:00 to 07:00. On 30 October, Subandrio, head of the BPPTK, suggested there would be further eruptions as lava continued to push its way up into the volcano's lava dome.
On 3 November heat clouds travelled up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away from the eruption forcing the government to evacuate people from within the refugee camps set up to accommodate those already dislocated by the volcano. Eruptions on the afternoon of Wednesday 3 November followed a morning eruption that sent hot gas clouds down the volcano's slopes. The volcano spewed clouds of ash and gas 5 kilometres (16,000 ft) into the sky for more than an hour on 3 November. The eruptions of that day were reported as being the largest since the eruptions commenced.
Surono, head of Indonesia's volcanology agency announced on 3 November that he was moving the shelters to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the summit. Speaking on Indonesia's Metro TV network he said, "this is the first time that the eruption has continued for more than an hour, so I decided to move the shelters to 15 km away from the summit". The shelters had previously been set up 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. Surono added that the energy from the eruption on 3 November was three times greater than that of the first eruption in the previous week. Bambang Ervan, a spokesman from the Transportation Ministry, said an official warning had been issued to all airlines to “use alternative routes for safety reasons due to the volcanic ash.”
Heavy rain during the night of 3–4 November triggered lahars with mixtures of water and rock debris cascading down the Kuning, Gendol, Woro, Boyong, Krasak and Opak rivers on the slopes of the volcano. A bridge was destroyed and riverbanks damaged. The eruption at 05:55 on the morning of 4 November was reported as being five times stronger than the initial eruption on 26 October 2010. On 4 November Merapi had been erupting for 24 hours without stopping. Heat clouds of 600 to 800 degrees Celsius spread as far as 11.5 kilometers from the crater reaching toward the edge of the then 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) exclusion zone, and lava flowed into the mountain’s rivers.
Merapi erupted early on Friday 5 November 2010. Volcanic ash fell at Cangkringan village and its surroundings 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). Due to continuous large eruptions, the government extended the safety zone to 20 kilometres (12 mi) radius and Yogyakarta's airport was closed again for 3 hours in the morning. Volcanologists reported the eruptions of Friday 5 November to be the biggest since the 1870s and officials announced by loudspeaker that the mountain's danger zone had been expanded to 20 kilometers from the crater. Bronggang, a village 15 kilometers from the crater, had streets blanketed by ash up to 30-centimeters deep. By 5 November more than 100,000 people had been evacuated and the scientists monitoring the events were withdrawn from their posts to a safer distance.
By Saturday, 6 November the eruptions and ash falls in the surrounding area of Central Java had led to the increase in prices of many vegetables, such as potatoes and water spinach . Schools were reported closed up to 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Yogyakarta. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts reported high intensity ash falls on the slopes of Mt Merapi. At 23:51 a flash of smoke, hot air winds and flames as high as 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) occurred to the west, north and to the east. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts reported high intensity ash falls on the slopes of Mt Merapi.
On Sunday, 7 November at 03:02 hot ash clouds flowed in the direction Gendol and Woro rivers. Volcanic earthquake and hot ash cloud events were reported to have increased from the previous day.
The eruptive events continued into Monday and on Tuesday, 9 November BNPB announced that they considered the eruptive activities of 2010 to have exceeded the activities of the mountains eruption in 1872. Based on historical records, the eruption of Merapi in 1872 was recorded for 120 hours, while the eruption of 2010 had already presented five days of relentless activity since Thursday 4 November and up until the 8 November had erupted for more than 120 hours or more without pause. Subandriyo, head of the Volcano Investigation and Technology Development Institution (Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kegunungapian/BPPTK) in Yogyakarta revealed that hot ash clouds during the eruptions of 138 years ago had a maximum reach of only 11–12 km, whilst the current eruptions were reaching 14.5 km. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) Geological Agency, head officer, Dr Surono announced on 9 November that during the hours of 06:00 to 12:00 eruptive events were continuing with sequential volcanic earthquakes, tremors, avalanches fast moving clouds were still travelling as far as 4 km toward the southwest. Yogyakarta residents and evacuees were reminded that the threat of pyroclastic as clouds and lahar floods remained. The people of Yogyakarta were also reminded to observe the instructions to remain outside a radius of 20 km from the peak of Merapi.
On the night of 9 November there was a burst of ash reaching up to 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) vertically,
On 10 November 2010 the eruptive intensity was noticed to subside, however the volcano's activity remained high and it was still emiting heat clouds. The exclusion zone remained at 20 kilometres (12 mi)
Observations on 11 November by CVGHM (PVMPG) indicated the eruptive activities continued but at a level of decreased intensity. 17 Avalanches were recorded, 1 hot ash eruption and 1 volcanic earthquake. The volcano remained a level 4 alert but with a recommendation of "Caution" level being adopted with refugees to remain at a distance of greater than 20 kilometres (12 mi).
Reports by CVGHM (PVMPG) of eruptive activity including hot air clouds, smoke columns, avalanches and volcanic earthquakes continued throughout 16, 17 and 18 November. White and grey smoke was reported emerging from Merapi with smoke columns rising to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Smoke emissions continued to drift south and southwest of the mountain. Based on monitoring and assessment by CVGHM (PVMPG) the activity Mount Merapi was still considered to be remain at a high level on 18 November. The activity status of the volcano remained at Caution level (Level 4). The threat of immediate danger of eruption continued to be attributed to hot air and ash clouds (awanpanas) with indirect threats attributed to lava ejections.
The eruptions on 26 October started at 17:02. By 18:54 pyroclastic activity had begun to subside following 12 eruption associated events being recorded by CVGHM monitors. In the 24 hours of 26 October 232 volcanic seismic events, 269 avalanche seismic events, 4 lava flow seismic events and 6 heat clouds were recorded by Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation monitoring staff at Merapi. The eruptive events of 26 October were classified as an explosive event with volcanic bursts of ejected material, visible flame and pyroclastic hot air flows. A column of smoke rose from the top to a vertical distance of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from the summit of the Mount Merapi.
On Friday 29 October eruptive activity included lava ejection with hot ash clouds reported to be flowing 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) down the slopes of the mountain and lasting four to nine minutes. Ash falls reached as far as the Central Java town of Magelang. Scientists monitoring the volcano including Surono, chief of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG) were optimistic that the volcanic activity should decrease following the release of lava. Safari Dwiyono, a scientist monitoring Mt. Merapi for 15 years, said the volcanic activity appeared to be easing pressure behind a lava dome that had formed in the crater.
By early on the morning of Saturday 30 October the volcano was erupting again. The eruptions were louder and stronger than the eruptions of the 26 October. Those earlier eruptions on the previous Tuesday killed 34 people. Ash from the eruptions on 30 October fell more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) away and now included ash falls upon the city of Yogyakarta. Soldiers and police posted nearest the volcano were seen fleeing along with hundreds of residents quickly clogging roads with cars and motorcycles. Black soot fell across a vast area. The morning eruptions lasted for 22 minutes and heat clouds flowed into the Krasak and Boyong Rivers also rising 3.5 kilometres (11,000 ft) into the air, westward toward Magelang. Yogyakarta’s Adisucipto Airport was temporarily closed from 05:00 to 07:00. On 30 October, Subandrio, head of the BPPTK, suggested there would be further eruptions as lava continued to push its way up into the volcano's lava dome.
On 3 November heat clouds travelled up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away from the eruption forcing the government to evacuate people from within the refugee camps set up to accommodate those already dislocated by the volcano. Eruptions on the afternoon of Wednesday 3 November followed a morning eruption that sent hot gas clouds down the volcano's slopes. The volcano spewed clouds of ash and gas 5 kilometres (16,000 ft) into the sky for more than an hour on 3 November. The eruptions of that day were reported as being the largest since the eruptions commenced.
Surono, head of Indonesia's volcanology agency announced on 3 November that he was moving the shelters to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the summit. Speaking on Indonesia's Metro TV network he said, "this is the first time that the eruption has continued for more than an hour, so I decided to move the shelters to 15 km away from the summit". The shelters had previously been set up 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. Surono added that the energy from the eruption on 3 November was three times greater than that of the first eruption in the previous week. Bambang Ervan, a spokesman from the Transportation Ministry, said an official warning had been issued to all airlines to “use alternative routes for safety reasons due to the volcanic ash.”
Heavy rain during the night of 3–4 November triggered lahars with mixtures of water and rock debris cascading down the Kuning, Gendol, Woro, Boyong, Krasak and Opak rivers on the slopes of the volcano. A bridge was destroyed and riverbanks damaged. The eruption at 05:55 on the morning of 4 November was reported as being five times stronger than the initial eruption on 26 October 2010. On 4 November Merapi had been erupting for 24 hours without stopping. Heat clouds of 600 to 800 degrees Celsius spread as far as 11.5 kilometers from the crater reaching toward the edge of the then 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) exclusion zone, and lava flowed into the mountain’s rivers.
Merapi erupted early on Friday 5 November 2010. Volcanic ash fell at Cangkringan village and its surroundings 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). Due to continuous large eruptions, the government extended the safety zone to 20 kilometres (12 mi) radius and Yogyakarta's airport was closed again for 3 hours in the morning. Volcanologists reported the eruptions of Friday 5 November to be the biggest since the 1870s and officials announced by loudspeaker that the mountain's danger zone had been expanded to 20 kilometers from the crater. Bronggang, a village 15 kilometers from the crater, had streets blanketed by ash up to 30-centimeters deep. By 5 November more than 100,000 people had been evacuated and the scientists monitoring the events were withdrawn from their posts to a safer distance.
By Saturday, 6 November the eruptions and ash falls in the surrounding area of Central Java had led to the increase in prices of many vegetables, such as potatoes and water spinach . Schools were reported closed up to 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Yogyakarta. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts reported high intensity ash falls on the slopes of Mt Merapi. At 23:51 a flash of smoke, hot air winds and flames as high as 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) occurred to the west, north and to the east. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation observation outposts reported high intensity ash falls on the slopes of Mt Merapi.
On Sunday, 7 November at 03:02 hot ash clouds flowed in the direction Gendol and Woro rivers. Volcanic earthquake and hot ash cloud events were reported to have increased from the previous day.
The eruptive events continued into Monday and on Tuesday, 9 November BNPB announced that they considered the eruptive activities of 2010 to have exceeded the activities of the mountains eruption in 1872. Based on historical records, the eruption of Merapi in 1872 was recorded for 120 hours, while the eruption of 2010 had already presented five days of relentless activity since Thursday 4 November and up until the 8 November had erupted for more than 120 hours or more without pause. Subandriyo, head of the Volcano Investigation and Technology Development Institution (Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kegunungapian/BPPTK) in Yogyakarta revealed that hot ash clouds during the eruptions of 138 years ago had a maximum reach of only 11–12 km, whilst the current eruptions were reaching 14.5 km. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) Geological Agency, head officer, Dr Surono announced on 9 November that during the hours of 06:00 to 12:00 eruptive events were continuing with sequential volcanic earthquakes, tremors, avalanches fast moving clouds were still travelling as far as 4 km toward the southwest. Yogyakarta residents and evacuees were reminded that the threat of pyroclastic as clouds and lahar floods remained. The people of Yogyakarta were also reminded to observe the instructions to remain outside a radius of 20 km from the peak of Merapi.
On the night of 9 November there was a burst of ash reaching up to 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) vertically,
On 10 November 2010 the eruptive intensity was noticed to subside, however the volcano's activity remained high and it was still emiting heat clouds. The exclusion zone remained at 20 kilometres (12 mi)
Observations on 11 November by CVGHM (PVMPG) indicated the eruptive activities continued but at a level of decreased intensity. 17 Avalanches were recorded, 1 hot ash eruption and 1 volcanic earthquake. The volcano remained a level 4 alert but with a recommendation of "Caution" level being adopted with refugees to remain at a distance of greater than 20 kilometres (12 mi).
Reports by CVGHM (PVMPG) of eruptive activity including hot air clouds, smoke columns, avalanches and volcanic earthquakes continued throughout 16, 17 and 18 November. White and grey smoke was reported emerging from Merapi with smoke columns rising to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Smoke emissions continued to drift south and southwest of the mountain. Based on monitoring and assessment by CVGHM (PVMPG) the activity Mount Merapi was still considered to be remain at a high level on 18 November. The activity status of the volcano remained at Caution level (Level 4). The threat of immediate danger of eruption continued to be attributed to hot air and ash clouds (awanpanas) with indirect threats attributed to lava ejections.
Casualties
On 26 October at least 113 people, including one 2-month old baby, were found dead due to burns and respiratory failure caused by hot ashes from the eruption. Thousands were evacuated within a radius of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) around the slopes of the volcano.
By Wednesday 27 October the death toll had risen to at least 25. The death toll included an elder, Mbah Maridjan (grandfather Marijan), known as the volcano's spiritual guardian who was found dead at his home approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the peak. The Yogyakarta Palace subsequently confirmed his death. The 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) exclusion zone remained in place at the volcano with evacuation and ongoing search and rescue activities continuing at the site in an attempt to locate further victims of the previous days eruptions.
Later reports on the 27 October revised the toll upward to 30 persons recorded at Yogyakarta's Dr. Sardjito Hospital with 17 hospitalized, mostly with burns, respiratory problems and other injuries. Earlier on 27 October two of the 28 bodies at the hospital had been identified. Yuniawan Nugroho, an editor with the vivanews.com news portal, was reported to have been killed while conducting reportage on the night of Tuesday 26 October, the other was later identified as Tutur Priyanto Indonesian, a 36 year man working for the Red Cross as a volunteer on the mountain. Tutur Priyanto had been retrieving and escorting residents from the slopes of the mountain. After making many trips he returned for a further ascent at 15:00 to assist others to come off the mountain and died during one of the subsequent eruptive events. As of 1 November 2010, the death toll from Mount Merapi's blasts had climbed to 38. As of 5 November 2010, the death toll had climbed over 120.
By 5 November at 15:00 the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency was reporting 122 deaths attributable to the Merapi eruptions, primarily from the area of residents from Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with an additional 151 injured people admitted to four Yogyakarta hospitals. Soldiers joined rescue operations in Bronggang to assist in recovering bodies from the village. At least 78 bodies were removed. They were killed when hot ash clouds from the crater had travelled down the mountain in pyroclastic flows at speeds of up to 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) and engulfed their village. Many of the dead on Friday 5 November were children from Argomulyo village, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the crater, according to emergency response officials and witnesses.
On the morning of 6 November BNPB provided a victim report. At that time there were 198,488 refugees, 218 people were injured, and 114 people had been recorded as having died. All the victims came from the districts of Sleman, Magelang, Klaten and Boyolaliin.
On Saturday, 7 November President Yudhoyono opened a limited cabinet meeting at the Presidential Palace, the Great House of Yogyakarta, to address the emergency response to the eruptions of Mount Merapi. At the meeting he reaffirmed his support of the Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-(Indonesian Disaster Management Office) and their administration and control of the disaster response. At 03:02 hot ash clouds flowed in the direction of the Gendol and Woro rivers. Volcanic earthquake and hot ash cloud events were reported to have increased from the previous day. Police stationed on the slopes complained that they were having considerable difficulties stopping people entering the exclusion zone and putting their lives at risk on the mountains slopes.
The JakartaGlobe reported on 8 November that that at least 135 people had died on Merapi's slopes over the previous two weeks, and that authorities were still struggling on Sunday to help those injured from Friday’s massive eruption. The bodies of four members of the Indonesian Disaster Response Team were recovered from the slopes of Mount Merapi on Monday, 8 November. However rescue officials had to retreat as eruptive activity made their further presence on the slopes too dangerous. State news agency Antara reported that a total of six bodies were recovered from the village of Glagaharjo in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The bodies of another two members of the response team, known as Tagana, are yet to be found or recovered. They have been missing since Thursday and are presumed dead.
The death toll was reported to be over 153 by 9 November with at least 320,000 people reported to have been evacuated to emergency shelters. One hospital recorded 12 more bodies brought its morgue on 9 November, including seven pulled from a destroyed village. Another five people who were being treated for burns died.
The National Disaster Management Agency announced on 11 November that the death toll since the first eruption on October 26 had climbed to 194, three quarters of those from searing heat blasts during the biggest eruptions and included deaths from respiratory problems, heart attacks and other illnesses related to the eruptions.
The number of people killed by the ongoing eruptions had risen to 275 by 18 November. The National Disaster Management Agency announced the death toll had climbed after more than a dozen victims succumbed to their injuries, the majority of those being from severe burns. Most of the 275 people were reported as being killed by searing gas clouds and from respiratory complications, burns and other illnesses related to the eruptions. Some victims died in road and other accidents during the panicked exodus from the mountain.
Lava Dome deformation
During the 4th week of October 2010 deformation measurements were performed by Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), utilising reflectors mounted around the summit of Mount Merapi. The measurement results indicated a rapidly increasing rate of growth of the lava dome in the build up to the eruptive events of 25–26 October 2010.
At the end of September 2010, the peak inflation rate of the lava dome at Mount Merapi was measured by EDM at an average growth rate of 6 millimetres (0.24 in). The subsequent rate of inflation up until October 21, 2010 reached 105 millimetres (4.1 in) per day. The inflation rate then increased very sharply, reaching 420 millimetres (17 in) per day by 24 October 2010. By the 25 October the average grow rate, measured from 6 EDM points over 24–25 October had risen to 500 millimetres (20 in) per day.
The information gathered at the site indicated that the distension of the mountain’s slopes was much more rapid this during the current event than that observed during the 2006 event.
On 26 October the head of the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Surono, repeated his earlier statements that the greatest concern was the pressure building behind a massive lava dome that has formed near the tip of the crater. "The energy is building up. ... We hope it will release slowly," he said. "Otherwise we're looking at a potentially huge eruption, bigger than anything we've seen in years". Surono also said that said the distension of the mountain’s slopes was much more rapid this time around, indicating a higher-pressure build-up of gas and hence a much more explosive eruption and speculated that Merapi may erupt explosively, as it did in 1930, and not just eject gas as in 2006 eruptions.
By 5 November following a week of ongoing explosive eruptions experts monitoring Merapi were reported as being "baffled" as despite earlier predictions that the eruptions following the initial blast in the prior week would ease pressure building up behind a magma dome instead the eruptions intensified. An estimated 50 million cubic meters of volcanic material had been released by 5 November, "it was the biggest in at least a century", said Gede Swantika, a state volcanologist, commenting on the eruptions of 5 November as plumes of smoke rose up more than 10,000 meters.
Dr Surono, head of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Management Agency CVGHM (PVMBG) reported on 17 November that Merapi was still spewing ash and rock. “Most of the initial eruptions threw the ash south toward Sleman in Yogyakarta, but now it’s blowing west toward Magelang in Central Java,” Surono said. The later eruptions had not been as powerful because of the formation of three new lava vents in addition to the main one in the crater. This helped lessen the intensity of the eruptions. “If you look at the mountain’s peak at night, you’ll notice three small glowing points,” Surono said. “That’s actually a good sign because it means the volcano is releasing all its pent-up energy more quickly.”
On 26 October at least 113 people, including one 2-month old baby, were found dead due to burns and respiratory failure caused by hot ashes from the eruption. Thousands were evacuated within a radius of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) around the slopes of the volcano.
By Wednesday 27 October the death toll had risen to at least 25. The death toll included an elder, Mbah Maridjan (grandfather Marijan), known as the volcano's spiritual guardian who was found dead at his home approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the peak. The Yogyakarta Palace subsequently confirmed his death. The 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) exclusion zone remained in place at the volcano with evacuation and ongoing search and rescue activities continuing at the site in an attempt to locate further victims of the previous days eruptions.
Later reports on the 27 October revised the toll upward to 30 persons recorded at Yogyakarta's Dr. Sardjito Hospital with 17 hospitalized, mostly with burns, respiratory problems and other injuries. Earlier on 27 October two of the 28 bodies at the hospital had been identified. Yuniawan Nugroho, an editor with the vivanews.com news portal, was reported to have been killed while conducting reportage on the night of Tuesday 26 October, the other was later identified as Tutur Priyanto Indonesian, a 36 year man working for the Red Cross as a volunteer on the mountain. Tutur Priyanto had been retrieving and escorting residents from the slopes of the mountain. After making many trips he returned for a further ascent at 15:00 to assist others to come off the mountain and died during one of the subsequent eruptive events. As of 1 November 2010, the death toll from Mount Merapi's blasts had climbed to 38. As of 5 November 2010, the death toll had climbed over 120.
By 5 November at 15:00 the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency was reporting 122 deaths attributable to the Merapi eruptions, primarily from the area of residents from Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with an additional 151 injured people admitted to four Yogyakarta hospitals. Soldiers joined rescue operations in Bronggang to assist in recovering bodies from the village. At least 78 bodies were removed. They were killed when hot ash clouds from the crater had travelled down the mountain in pyroclastic flows at speeds of up to 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) and engulfed their village. Many of the dead on Friday 5 November were children from Argomulyo village, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the crater, according to emergency response officials and witnesses.
On the morning of 6 November BNPB provided a victim report. At that time there were 198,488 refugees, 218 people were injured, and 114 people had been recorded as having died. All the victims came from the districts of Sleman, Magelang, Klaten and Boyolaliin.
On Saturday, 7 November President Yudhoyono opened a limited cabinet meeting at the Presidential Palace, the Great House of Yogyakarta, to address the emergency response to the eruptions of Mount Merapi. At the meeting he reaffirmed his support of the Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanganan Bencana-(Indonesian Disaster Management Office) and their administration and control of the disaster response. At 03:02 hot ash clouds flowed in the direction of the Gendol and Woro rivers. Volcanic earthquake and hot ash cloud events were reported to have increased from the previous day. Police stationed on the slopes complained that they were having considerable difficulties stopping people entering the exclusion zone and putting their lives at risk on the mountains slopes.
The JakartaGlobe reported on 8 November that that at least 135 people had died on Merapi's slopes over the previous two weeks, and that authorities were still struggling on Sunday to help those injured from Friday’s massive eruption. The bodies of four members of the Indonesian Disaster Response Team were recovered from the slopes of Mount Merapi on Monday, 8 November. However rescue officials had to retreat as eruptive activity made their further presence on the slopes too dangerous. State news agency Antara reported that a total of six bodies were recovered from the village of Glagaharjo in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The bodies of another two members of the response team, known as Tagana, are yet to be found or recovered. They have been missing since Thursday and are presumed dead.
The death toll was reported to be over 153 by 9 November with at least 320,000 people reported to have been evacuated to emergency shelters. One hospital recorded 12 more bodies brought its morgue on 9 November, including seven pulled from a destroyed village. Another five people who were being treated for burns died.
The National Disaster Management Agency announced on 11 November that the death toll since the first eruption on October 26 had climbed to 194, three quarters of those from searing heat blasts during the biggest eruptions and included deaths from respiratory problems, heart attacks and other illnesses related to the eruptions.
The number of people killed by the ongoing eruptions had risen to 275 by 18 November. The National Disaster Management Agency announced the death toll had climbed after more than a dozen victims succumbed to their injuries, the majority of those being from severe burns. Most of the 275 people were reported as being killed by searing gas clouds and from respiratory complications, burns and other illnesses related to the eruptions. Some victims died in road and other accidents during the panicked exodus from the mountain.
Lava Dome deformation
During the 4th week of October 2010 deformation measurements were performed by Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), utilising reflectors mounted around the summit of Mount Merapi. The measurement results indicated a rapidly increasing rate of growth of the lava dome in the build up to the eruptive events of 25–26 October 2010.
At the end of September 2010, the peak inflation rate of the lava dome at Mount Merapi was measured by EDM at an average growth rate of 6 millimetres (0.24 in). The subsequent rate of inflation up until October 21, 2010 reached 105 millimetres (4.1 in) per day. The inflation rate then increased very sharply, reaching 420 millimetres (17 in) per day by 24 October 2010. By the 25 October the average grow rate, measured from 6 EDM points over 24–25 October had risen to 500 millimetres (20 in) per day.
The information gathered at the site indicated that the distension of the mountain’s slopes was much more rapid this during the current event than that observed during the 2006 event.
On 26 October the head of the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Surono, repeated his earlier statements that the greatest concern was the pressure building behind a massive lava dome that has formed near the tip of the crater. "The energy is building up. ... We hope it will release slowly," he said. "Otherwise we're looking at a potentially huge eruption, bigger than anything we've seen in years". Surono also said that said the distension of the mountain’s slopes was much more rapid this time around, indicating a higher-pressure build-up of gas and hence a much more explosive eruption and speculated that Merapi may erupt explosively, as it did in 1930, and not just eject gas as in 2006 eruptions.
By 5 November following a week of ongoing explosive eruptions experts monitoring Merapi were reported as being "baffled" as despite earlier predictions that the eruptions following the initial blast in the prior week would ease pressure building up behind a magma dome instead the eruptions intensified. An estimated 50 million cubic meters of volcanic material had been released by 5 November, "it was the biggest in at least a century", said Gede Swantika, a state volcanologist, commenting on the eruptions of 5 November as plumes of smoke rose up more than 10,000 meters.
Dr Surono, head of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Management Agency CVGHM (PVMBG) reported on 17 November that Merapi was still spewing ash and rock. “Most of the initial eruptions threw the ash south toward Sleman in Yogyakarta, but now it’s blowing west toward Magelang in Central Java,” Surono said. The later eruptions had not been as powerful because of the formation of three new lava vents in addition to the main one in the crater. This helped lessen the intensity of the eruptions. “If you look at the mountain’s peak at night, you’ll notice three small glowing points,” Surono said. “That’s actually a good sign because it means the volcano is releasing all its pent-up energy more quickly.”
Volcanic ash plume
The eruptions and subsequent volcanic ash plumes caused disruption to aviation movements across central and western Java in early November. Some flights to and from Bandung, Jakarta and Solo were effected and some international and domestic airlines suspended operations into and from those cities. Yogyakarta's Adisucipto International Airport was closed to flight operations on many occasions in early November due to limited visibility and ash falls upon the runway, taxiway and terminal aprons. Adisucipto International Airport is the third busiest airport on the island of Java. An Airbus A300-300 flight operated for Garuda Airlines as a Hajj Solo to Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) was reported to have suffered from ash related engine damage on 28 October. It was however later reported to have suffered from blade tip rubbing and was not apparently damaged by volcanic ash ingestion. pilgrimage from.
On Thursday 11 November, ash continued to spread over western Java and was falling just short of Jakarta according to the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Darwin, Australia. Flight activity at Jakarta's airport was normal and Yogyakarta's airport was closed until Monday 15 November. On the morning of 11 November the volcano was ejecting ash 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) into the air. High level clouds were observed over the Indian ocean and were thought to be volcanic ash bearing. A code red aviation alert was continued and at 16:41 a volcanic ash plume was seem to be extending to 25,000 feet (7,600 m) -FL250 extending to 150 nautical miles 240 kilometres (2.4×1011 ml) to the west. It had been observed earlier that day travelling 150 nautical miles 240 kilometres (2.4×1011 ml) to the north west as it had the day prior. The volcano was observed on 4–8 November by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura spacecraft and imagery indicated that a sulfur dioxide plume had been released into the upper troposphere. Besides elevating the risk of acid rain, the ions can also react to form particles that reflect sunlight. On November 9, 2010, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Darwin, Australia, also reported a sulfur dioxide cloud over the Indian Ocean between 12,000 and 15,000 meters (40,000 and 50,000 feet), in the upper troposphere.
On 19 November the Aviation Ash Advisory based upon information derived from MSTAT imagery and issued by VAAC, Darwin notified of and ash plume observed at a height of (15,000 feet (4,600 m) - F150), extending 40 nautical miles (75 kilometres (47 mi)) to the west of the mountain.
Souces : en.wikipedia.org | volcanolive.com
The eruptions and subsequent volcanic ash plumes caused disruption to aviation movements across central and western Java in early November. Some flights to and from Bandung, Jakarta and Solo were effected and some international and domestic airlines suspended operations into and from those cities. Yogyakarta's Adisucipto International Airport was closed to flight operations on many occasions in early November due to limited visibility and ash falls upon the runway, taxiway and terminal aprons. Adisucipto International Airport is the third busiest airport on the island of Java. An Airbus A300-300 flight operated for Garuda Airlines as a Hajj Solo to Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) was reported to have suffered from ash related engine damage on 28 October. It was however later reported to have suffered from blade tip rubbing and was not apparently damaged by volcanic ash ingestion. pilgrimage from.
On Thursday 11 November, ash continued to spread over western Java and was falling just short of Jakarta according to the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Darwin, Australia. Flight activity at Jakarta's airport was normal and Yogyakarta's airport was closed until Monday 15 November. On the morning of 11 November the volcano was ejecting ash 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) into the air. High level clouds were observed over the Indian ocean and were thought to be volcanic ash bearing. A code red aviation alert was continued and at 16:41 a volcanic ash plume was seem to be extending to 25,000 feet (7,600 m) -FL250 extending to 150 nautical miles 240 kilometres (2.4×1011 ml) to the west. It had been observed earlier that day travelling 150 nautical miles 240 kilometres (2.4×1011 ml) to the north west as it had the day prior. The volcano was observed on 4–8 November by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura spacecraft and imagery indicated that a sulfur dioxide plume had been released into the upper troposphere. Besides elevating the risk of acid rain, the ions can also react to form particles that reflect sunlight. On November 9, 2010, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Darwin, Australia, also reported a sulfur dioxide cloud over the Indian Ocean between 12,000 and 15,000 meters (40,000 and 50,000 feet), in the upper troposphere.
On 19 November the Aviation Ash Advisory based upon information derived from MSTAT imagery and issued by VAAC, Darwin notified of and ash plume observed at a height of (15,000 feet (4,600 m) - F150), extending 40 nautical miles (75 kilometres (47 mi)) to the west of the mountain.
Souces : en.wikipedia.org | volcanolive.com
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